1. The Remote Beginnings of Science :
The Ancient Egyptian Civilisation and the discovery of the Astronomical year. The great Pyramid of Gazah (2900 BC) as an Engineering marvel. The Babylonian numerical system. Development of mathematics during the Vedic period. Contributions of Pythogoras and Euclid to mathematics and stronomy Discovery of ‘Procession of the equinoxes’ Ptolomy’s concept of the universe.
2. BIRTH OF MODERN SCIENCE :
Contributions of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Kepler to Astronomy and Physics. The concept of Universal gravity.
3. SIGNIFICANT DISCOVERIES OF THE 20TH CENTURY :
Significant discoveries of the 20th Century in the fields of Physical, Biological and Medical Science and their impact on society. Advancement in space explorations.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION :
Scientific concepts of (a) Physical and Chemical Environment (b) Ecological Environment and (c) Social and Cultural Environment, Physical and Chemical Environment Polluting agents Air, Water and Soil Pollutions. The Bhopal tragedy. Ecological Environment, Communities and food pyramids-Inter-dependency lend use patterns? Bio-diversity. Need for ecological balance. The Takri controvesy.
Social and Cultural Environment: Population dynamics-living standards-Resource consumption. Social justice.
N.B: while setting the question paper, one question from each of the first three topics and two from the fourth topic must be made compulsory.
The Text book for Science & Civilization is available with the Director, A.U.Press & Publications.
Ref: History of growth of Physical sciences by Sir James Jeans.